reflection paper 8

According to the text the three waves of educational reform began in the 1950’s from the Civil Rights Movement. That reform was set to stop segregation of schools. The reason for this reform was that blacks were being disenfranchised. They were not getting the books in their schools as the counterparts. The students could not participate in activities with white students of other schools. They were not getting proper equipment in their schools such as desk and chairs. School prayer banning was also a part of this reform. Students were not allowed to prayer in school because of the law, amendment 1.1 Separation of church and state. Arising from the reform was the busing of students for end segregation and affirmative action to get equal rights for all.
The second reform occurred in the 1980’s during the Ronald Reagan era. In an effort to get rid of the United States Of America Department of Education, ‘A Nation at Risk’ was launched. It evaluated the students’ performance. The result of that was increase testing of students and teachers, increase the number of course requirement needed for graduation. This reform would further shut down poor performing neighborhood determined from their test scores. The downfall of this reform was noted by Milton Friedman that wealthy would leave the poor performing schools, trapping the poor family in them. This reform also advocated for cultural literacy of Americans.
The third reform sparked from 1990’s to present, where they strive for standard base assessments. These assessments were to be used as a quantitative instrument to evaluate students based on their content knowledge and mastery. The united State Congress set up the National Education Goals (Goals 2000) initiative. With that the ‘No Child Left Behind’ Act of 2001 was cultivated. This act sort to educate every child in the United States no matter what their motivation or ailment. The down fall of this act is that not all children have the same potential

Reflection paper 6

Rhetoric according to the Wikipedia is the how communication is done effectively via the use of language in special way. The Roman used rhetoric in their writing. They were great public speakers through the practicing of this art form. They were great debaters and would represent themselves well in court. Litterator, Grammaticus and rhetor were the three different types of teachers that were present the roman educational system. The first taught reading, writing, and arithmetic, the second taught students how to memorize and recite. The third specialized in speech, where they focused on various themes. Rhetoric was a product of the Greeks; it influenced many area of the roman educational system: the law, science, and art. Rhetoric importance to the Romans came by way of how they view themselves. It was used as a major part of the education. They would use it hold attention when they were in the process of delivering a speech.
The themes use in their speech were quaestiones and causae. The importance of Rhetoric to the Romans was evident as they tried to use in their writing and speech.

reflection paper 15

The education of the ancient Romans was given from their homes, in particular the parents. Children went through an apprenticeship with their parents. The children were how to farm, how to fight and how to keep the house. Alexander the great implement a structured educational system in is rule. Both girls and Boys were allowed to participate. If they advanced at a lower level then they would be promoted to a higher level if they were able to pay. The Romans learning was slated mainly on them reciting information. This serves a s a way of them passing on their history from generation to generation. They studied law, the spoken words and development of self. Going to school was not mandatory but they had to pay if they wanted their children to go to school.
Ancient Athenia education was focused on them being able to defend Athens and trying to acquire more land. Thus, the military are of their education was more the focus. The students were taught how to strategize and how to be prepared. The age the students attended school was from seven to fourteen years of age. Though Athenian education was not a privilege it was in expensive. The students in particular the boys were taught how to read , but the girls were not given that , instead they were taught how keep the home.

Reflection 14

Aristotle was a student of the Greek philosopher Plato. Aristotle refuted much of his predecessor teachings. He was a logic thinking philosopher. He came up with the idea of placing things into groups based on similarities.
Aristotle believed that there were four causes. He explained them to as; the formal cause, the material, final cause and the efficient cause. Aristotle believed that humans all want to be happy; that most do not perform the required things to bring about this happiness. He also believed that it is normal for humans to seek about their happiness.
Aristotle believed that the great chain of being was where all things began. He placed things into categories. He viewed all things as unchanging and ranged from the highest to the lowest. His aim was to relate all living things to each other. With that numerous misconceptions were coined.

reflection paper 20

Democracy was affirmed by making of public high schools. This means that these schools were open for all to go to. The early education system had secondary schools only slate for boys from wealth parents. Making High school public meant that it was funded by the tax payer for all to go to. Simple put on paper, girls and different races other than the Caucasian were allowed in the public schools. The reality of that was a different scenario. To uphold that law numerous battles were fought. Then there was the segregation of the races and the funding that went to these public schools. “The courts developed doctrine of separate but equal” (Sadker, Zittleman) to satisfy the law. It created a situation that where schools where blacks and American Indians attend were under funded. Not enough seating, space, equipment or books.
European high schools students are given a standard that they must meet. In the United States of America Students see little need to complete the requirements that are mandated. European education is different and difficult but attainable by the students. Democracy plays an important part in the educational system of both the United States of America and Europe. In Europe numerous languages are the norm for their education. Sciences and high level mathematics are given to the students where as in the USA only the minimum requires is needed for a student to graduate

Reflection paper 19: Trace of dames school to public school;

In the United States of America dames schools were first implemented by women to the teaching of reading, writing and computation in the homes of these women. This woman was known dame, she had an interest in education and was well respected in the community. She taught the lesson for a fee. In colonial times boys used apprenticeship programs as an educational tool. Here the boys would learn a trade from a master. Homemaking skills are high points of the female. This she would learn from their mother.
In colonial times the church was a major part of the classroom, where children had to learn the bible. Later the movement of the common school came into play. This school was ‘open to all’ with allowance of that era. This was the brain child of Horace Mann. Today the common school is known as the elementary school. Later the English Classical School came into being this was funded unhappily my Tax payers. It allowed girls to attend. This was the area of the secondary education. The school was later changed to The English School and then to Boys’ High School to accommodate just boys.
As far as public schools are today, church and religious involved activities are not taught in public high schools. Girls and boys are allowed in the public high schools. Blacks and other ethnic groups are races are by law allowed to attend. In colonial times different races were not allowed and it took major civil rights fights to get it to the point where it is today.

interveiw with veteran teacher

Interview with Veteran Teacher.
Ms. McPhee is science teacher, has been teaching for sixteen years. Her background is in the area of biological research. Her current assignment is Science coach which has been doing for the last two years. Ms. McPhee started her teaching career in the middle school as a science teacher; she was later sent to the region as a curriculum specialist. In 2007 she was sent back into the classroom to teach chemistry for to tenth through eleventh grade students. Her main task was to prepare the eleven grade students for the science FCAT.
Three years later, she became the science coach and the Professional development Liaison. When asked what her thoughts were on education today; she said that teachers are being demoralized by the different laws and bills that linked teacher’s salary to performance. Ms. McPhee had some words of wisdom for me. She said having clear concise lesson plans was one of the most important things for this job. The reason being she said was that it is proof for ones daily activity. It can be used for evidence when a parent conference is called, for the administration when they ask for it and so on. She said that as a teacher you should train the students from day one on what you need from them. She said do not be politically correct. Say it and mean it!
Ms. McPhee said emphatically that I should never allow the work to follow me home, go home to family and them alone. Some of the down sides to teacher she said was staff was being lost economic situation. Many parents she said move away taking their children and thus student enrollment has dropped tremendously. The result of this is that teachers are not needed and will lose their job.